Dub techno is a sub-genre defined less by its drums than by its space. Tracks layer cavernous reverb, long delay tails, and submerged chord stabs over a steady techno pulse, drawing aesthetic cues from 1970s Jamaican dub. The style was effectively invented by Berlin's Basic Channel (Mark Ernestus and Moritz von Oswald) in the early 1990s and continues through their Chain Reaction and Rhythm & Sound projects. Tempos sit at 120–128 BPM and arrangements are minimal and patient. Producers like Deepchord, Pole, and Yagya have extended the canon. Dub techno is one of the most contemplative and headphone-friendly variants of techno, and is closely tied to ambient and minimal techno traditions.